(12) In a number of NENA dialects this new preterite out of Group II verbs features good vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- which has no predecessor in the last dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal the progressive function is connected with the Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu mature dating +poltele ‘he grabbed they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms having o otherwise u is missing external NENA and have now in a lot of of your own NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you can Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).

(13) The general establish are noted because of the a prefix in every NENA but Hertevin along with Mandaic plus Turoyo. The fresh prefix requires certainly about three variations: (a) k- with the all the verbs (cutting-edge in order to c- during the Urmi, extended to ko- ahead of consonants from inside the Turoyo, along with Zakho to-be g- just before a voiced phoneme); (b) k- however, merely for the a limited category of verbs (which includes voicing consumption and often other alter also); or (c) i- on all the verbs.

Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, individual interaction); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we perform say’, but doqIx-wa-ce ‘we perform observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, will eat’, but sate ‘he drinks, often, get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu i-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).

The brand new k- prefix seems to be an endurance of your prefix qa- from BT, such as the brand new ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In a number of eastern languages the fresh distribution from k- is restricted to a little class of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, this has gone away and you will become replaced because of the another type of prefix we-, and this probably got its start as the a lower life expectancy variety of we[Theta] ‘there is’.

Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits the synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I visited promote currency to a great girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem

(14) The newest verb ‘give’ is yehav for the BT, and you may yav during the Syriac. This has been remade in all NENA languages through the incorporation of one’s adopting the l- ‘to’. The brand new crucial, which had been hav into the Syriac and you may BT, was hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in most NENA wherein You will find guidance, but not in Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.

(15) Throughout NENA, the fresh new just one crucial regarding qyama ‘get up’ has lost its final m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). This new plural, but not, holds the m.

(16) Throughout NENA, new crucial regarding (i)zala ‘go’ try unusual: Aradhin lorsque (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani si (Garbell 1965, 285).

(17) Around the NENA, various words are used since base getting reflexive pronouns such ‘myself’. He could be: ruh- in the Hertevin along with Turoyo, nos- about about three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you may gyan- from the left languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.

So it qa- are by itself an effective contraction away from qa?

(18) Another type of preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the proper execution ta, tla, otherwise tla try prevalent, in the event maybe not universal, when you look at the NENA, however found in Mandaic or Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, private telecommunications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga tale ‘no you to unwrapped the doorway to help you him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).